A Probabilistic Model and Metrics for Estimating Perceived Accessibility of Desktop Applications in Keystroke-Based Non-Visual Interactions

João Ricardo dos S. Rosa N. M. Valentim

26 Oktober 2020

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be an important ally in improving the quality of life of Visually Impaired People (VIP) because they provide greater independence in the performance of their daily tasks. During the development process of ICTs for VIP, the concepts of Accessibility, Usability, and User eXperience (UX) are significant because they can positively influence the system's quality. Concerning these concepts, some improvements can be considered already at the design stage, such as screen size, button format, color density, among others. However, not all designers consider Accessibility, Usability, and UX concepts when designing ICT for VIP. To identify and characterize which design technologies of Accessibility, Usability, and UX have been proposed in the literature, we performed a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS). We identified a total of 23 technologies. The analysis from these technologies showed that the majority are destined for mobile applications. Besides, some design technologies only address the concept of Accessibility, and only one technology considered the concepts of Accessibility, Usability, and UX together. To support professionals, students, and researchers in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Software Engineering (SE), this SMS presents a set of Accessibility, Usability, and UX design technologies, which can be used in the initial phases of the ICT development process for VIP.

Carlos Duarte Beatriz Martins

9 Desember 2022

Evaluating the accessibility of web resources is usually done by checking the conformance of the resource against a standard or set of guidelines (e.g., the WCAG 2.1). The result of the evaluation will indicate what guidelines are respected (or not) by the resource. While it might hint at the accessibility level of web resources, often it will be complicated to compare the level of accessibility of different resources or of different versions of the same resource from evaluation reports. Web accessibility metrics synthesize the accessibility level of a web resource into a quantifiable value. The fact that there is a wide number of accessibility metrics, makes it challenging to choose which ones to use. In this paper, we explore the relationship between web accessibility metrics. For that purpose, we investigated eleven web accessibility metrics. The metrics were computed from automated accessibility evaluations obtained using QualWeb. A set of around three million web pages were evaluated. By computing the metrics over this sample of nearly three million web pages, it was possible to identify groups of metrics that offer similar results. Our analysis shows that there are metrics that behave similarly, which, when deciding what metrics to use, assists in picking the metric that is less resource intensive or for which it might be easier to collect the inputs.

Navid Salehnamadi Ziyao He S. Malek

19 April 2023

Billions of people use smartphones on a daily basis, including 15% of the world’s population with disabilities. Mobile platforms encourage developers to manually assess their apps’ accessibility in the way disabled users interact with phones, i.e., through Assistive Technologies (AT) like screen readers. However, most developers only test their apps with touch gestures and do not have enough knowledge to use AT properly. Moreover, automated accessibility testing tools typically do not consider AT. This paper introduces a record-and-replay technique that records the developers’ touch interactions, replays the same actions with an AT, and generates a visualized report of various ways of interacting with the app using ATs. Empirical evaluation of this technique on real-world apps revealed that while user study is the most reliable way of assessing accessibility, our technique can aid developers in detecting complex accessibility issues at different stages of development.

Leah Findlater Kelly Avery Mack Jon E. Froehlich + 3 lainnya

12 Januari 2021

Accessibility research has grown substantially in the past few decades, yet there has been no literature review of the field. To understand current and historical trends, we created and analyzed a dataset of accessibility papers appearing at CHI and ASSETS since ASSETS’ founding in 1994. We qualitatively coded areas of focus and methodological decisions for the past 10 years (2010-2019, N=506 papers), and analyzed paper counts and keywords over the full 26 years (N=836 papers). Our findings highlight areas that have received disproportionate attention and those that are underserved—for example, over 43% of papers in the past 10 years are on accessibility for blind and low vision people. We also capture common study characteristics, such as the roles of disabled and nondisabled participants as well as sample sizes (e.g., a median of 13 for participant groups with disabilities and older adults). We close by critically reflecting on gaps in the literature and offering guidance for future work in the field.

Paul T. Chiou Ali S. Alotaibi William G. J. Halfond

19 April 2023

The Web has become an essential part of many people’s daily lives, enabling them to complete everyday and essential tasks online and access important information resources. The ability to navigate the Web via the keyboard interface is critical to people with various types of disabilities. However, modern websites often violate web accessibility guidelines for keyboard navigability. In this paper, we present a novel approach for automatically detecting web accessibility barriers that prevent or hinder keyboard users’ ability to navigate web pages. An extensive evaluation of our technique on real-world subjects showed that our technique was able to detect navigation-based keyboard accessibility barriers in web applications with high precision and recall.